依據(jù)正式文件的提示,筆者找到20種管理會(huì)計(jì)工具。這些工具分為6大類,各類中分別包括不同級(jí)別的工具:
一、公司治理和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理
(Governanceand risk management)
1、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)熱圖
(Risk Heat Maps)
2、CGMA道德管理自檢清單
(CGMA Ethical Management Reflection Checklist)
3、CIMA戰(zhàn)略計(jì)分卡
(CIMA Strategic Scorecard®)
4、企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理
(Enterprise Risk Management (ERM))
二、戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃和執(zhí)行
(Strategic planning and execution)
1、波特五力競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力分析
(Porter’s Five Forces of Competitive PositionAnalysis)
2、平衡計(jì)分卡
(Balanced Scorecard, including operational dashboards)
3、戰(zhàn)略地圖
(StrategyMapping)
4、戰(zhàn)略計(jì)劃工具
(StrategicPlanning Tools (including mission/vision statements, goals and objectives,SWOT, PEST))
三、績(jī)效管理與考核
(Performancemanagement and measurement)
1、標(biāo)桿
(Benchmarking)
2、關(guān)鍵績(jī)效指標(biāo)
(KPIs– financial and non-financial)
3、績(jī)效棱柱
(ThePerformance Prism)
四、計(jì)劃和預(yù)測(cè)
(Planningand forecasting)
1、場(chǎng)景和緊急計(jì)劃
(Scenario and ContingencyPlanning)
2、滾動(dòng)計(jì)劃與預(yù)測(cè)
(Rolling Plans and Forecasts)
3、現(xiàn)金流模型
(Cash Flow Modelling)
4、作業(yè)預(yù)算
(Activity-BasedBudgeting (ABB))
五、產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)交付
(Productand service delivery)
1、精益生產(chǎn)(Lean)
2、質(zhì)量管理工具
(Quality Management Tools - Including TQM, Six Sigma, Cost of Qualityand EFQM)
3、作業(yè)成本法(Activity based costing (ABC))
六、價(jià)值識(shí)別(Value recognition)
1、價(jià)值鏈分析
(Value Chain Analysis)
2、客戶關(guān)系管理
(CustomerRelationship Management (CRM)
以上20個(gè)管理會(huì)計(jì)工具涉及企業(yè)管理的多個(gè)方面,管理會(huì)計(jì)不僅與戰(zhàn)略相關(guān),而且不可避免地波及企業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)層面,需要多種多樣的數(shù)據(jù)。運(yùn)用好管理會(huì)計(jì),離不開(kāi)信息系統(tǒng)的支持。
數(shù)據(jù)收集、整理、報(bào)告是保證管理會(huì)計(jì)落地的關(guān)鍵基礎(chǔ)因素。